Adult mesenchymal stem cells11/24/2023 ![]() ![]() The isolation of MSCs from various tissues and their re-implantation at other sites raises questions about the natural in vivo MSCs and their ability to normally repair endogenous tissues, a process that clearly diminishes with age. MSCs grow readily in the culture dish, have intrinsic differentiation potentials not found previously in other cells, and produce an abundance of useful growth factors and cytokines. MSCs have become widely studied over the past ~30 years for their interesting cell biology, broad-ranging clinical potential, and as a central building block in the rapidly growing field of tissue engineering. The expansive and growing field of MSC research is teaching us basic human cell biology as well as how to use this type of cell for cellular therapy in a variety of clinical settings, and while much promise is evident, careful new work is still needed. Developing further methods to understand and unlock MSC potential through intracellular and intercellular signaling, biomedical engineering, delivery methods and patient selection should all provide substantial advancements in the coming years and greater clinical opportunities. ![]() There has been much progress in understanding MSCs over the years, and there is a strong foundation for future scientific research and clinical applications, but also some important questions remain to be answered. The medical utility of MSCs continues to be investigated in over 950 clinical trials. At present, these provide the greatest focus of human MSCs in clinical testing however, the properties of cultured MSCs in vitro suggest they can have broader applications. The MSCs have broad anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Here, we have focused on human MSCs whenever possible. MSCs were isolated and described about 30 years ago and now there are over 55,000 publications on MSCs readily available. The MSCs can differentiate to important lineages under defined conditions in vitro and in limited situations after implantation in vivo. The terms MSC and MSCs have become the preferred acronym to describe a cell and a cell population of multipotential stem/progenitor cells commonly referred to as mesenchymal stem cells, multipotential stromal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and mesenchymal progenitor cells.
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